Manuscript mathematics workbook.

Marseille: , 1867-69. Advanced mathematics and finance A carefully executed book of mathematics, created by a student at the school run by the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary in Marseille. Tassy likely made it to commemorate her progression. The book includes demonstrations of advanced calculations, geometry, and financial planning, and examples of their practical and domestic applications. During the 19th century, the French authorities and society at large became increasingly concerned about the quality of girls' education. Although most women were expected to become housewives, it became widely accepted that they "needed serious study to fill their domestic role appropriately" (Rogers, p. 4). Elizabeth Tassy, born c.1853, appears to have studied a curriculum that united intellectually challenging mathematics with its application across a variety of subjects. The book is divided into 11 "series" (our translation), which increase in complexity. In the early series, Tassy studies basic mathematical functions and produces mock accounts with suppliers such as butchers, grocers, booksellers, and milliners. Even though imaginary, some of the more luxurious items listed, such as velvet hats, silk dresses, and meringues, suggest that her school catered to a wealthy clientele. Later series progress to linear drawing and geometry, which are used to plan patterns and designs for household objects. Tassy also demonstrates complicated calculations incorporating fractions and proportions, which are applied to sophisticated financial planning, including calculations for insurance, rates, interest, and investment. Tassy probably boarded at her convent school, which was located at 110 Boulevard de la Libération, Marseille; the building is still standing. Girls' schools could be inspected and examinations set by external authorities were available, although not compulsory. Tassy's school likely put candidates forward for examinations, as Tassy's ninth series is titled "Questions proposed by various boards of examiners" (our translation). She answers questions given by various local authorities, such as Paris, Douai, and Aix, during the 1860s. Quarto (296 x 211 mm). Hand-drawn title page and geometric half-titles, illustrations, diagrams, and tables throughout. Contemporary red roan, spine and front cover lettered in gilt, flat spine separated into six compartments with gilt fillets and dot-and-arrowhead roll, covers framed with gilt fillets, scrollwork, and tooth roll. Extremities worn, spine toned, scratches to covers, contents clean. In very good condition. Rebecca Rogers, From the Salon to the Schoolroom: Educating Bourgeois Girls in Nineteenth-Century France, 2005.